Panorama, The

Invented in 1788, the panorama reached the height of its popularity at the time of the 1900 Universal Exhibition. Vast circular canvases installed in purpose-built rotundas were designed to be viewed from centrally placed platforms and attracted an admiring public. The aim was to produce a perfect illusion. Thus the relationship between viewer and "reality" underwent a profound mutation, opening up a new logic according to which the world was transformed into a spectacle and images substituted for direct experience. This illustrated text examines the wide variety of panoramas in both the Old and New Worlds. Included among views of cities are Robert Baker's "View of Edinburgh" and Karl Friedrich Schinkel's "View of Palermo", as well as depictions of Paris, Moscow, Jerusalem and Lima. Among historical themes, "The History of the Century" and "Battle of Moscow" proved especially popular. The author expands his subject to encompass the sister formats of diorama and cineorama.